Sultan II, the sixth of the Ottoman sultans. Murad Han was born in Amasya in 1404. His father is Sultan Çelebi Mehmed and his mother is Emine Hatun , daughter of Dulkadırlı Süli Bey . After completing his first training and education with his family, he took lessons from the scholars of the time. He spent his childhood in Amasya, Bursa and Edirne. In 1415, in order to learn administrative and military information and gain experience and prepare for the state administration , he was sent to Amasya sancakbey next to his tulip Yörgüç Pasha .

The eastern border of the Ottomans was an extremely sensitive region. Turkmen and Mongolian communities lived here and their desire to act independently was high. It was difficult to discipline them.

The young prince, who has been doing these things for a year, took Kafir Samsun from Genoese with his tulip Biçeroğlu Hamza Bey in 1417. In the same year, Börklüce Mustafa and Torlak Kemal were sent to the Aegean region after the riots broke out. Along with Vezir-i azam Bayezid Pasha, he played a big role in suppressing the dangerous riots.

He ascended the throne in 1421 and reigned for thirty years. His tomb is next to the mosque he built in Muradiye neighborhood in Bursa .

Sultan II, who died when he was forty seven years old. Murad Han was a sultan of medium height, flat nose, open forehead, red-mail, dark hazel eyes, auburn hair, slightly sparse toothed, smiling, good moral owner, generous and good-loving sultan. He had six sons and four daughters. Sons; Sultan great Ahmed , Sultan Alaaddin , Sultan Mehmed Han , Sultan Orhan , Sultan Hasan and Sultan Küçük Ahmed . After their eldest son, Sultan Ahmed and Sultan Alaaddin, were buried in Bursa by passing away during the banner of Amasya. Sultan Orhan and Sultan Hasan died in Edirne and Darülhadis by the river Tunca They were buried beside him. Erhondu Hatun Yakub Bey, one of their daughters , married Mahmud Çelebi, son of Fatma Hatun Çandarlı İbrahim Pasha, and Şehzade Hatun , Sinan, the beylerbeyi. There is no information about Hatice Hatun lying in a tomb adjacent to her father’s tomb.

Sultan Murad was very young when he was the ruler of a state that had just emerged from a big shock. The Turkish principalities that Timur Khan revived in Anatolia; In Rumelia, he faced terrible ambitions of the Balkan and European states, who had the opportunity to take advantage of the weakness of the state. Byzantine was working insidiously to open a new state, an inner depression, to the state every day. Sultan Murad Han, who took over the state administration in such a depressed era, will not hesitate to sacrifice his life, but not for his comfort, for the sake of the roots of the Turkish unity in Anatolia throughout his life, although he preferred to live in Rumeli with natural borders. brave, text-willed and persevering.

Throughout his life, Timur Khan, the greatest Turkish hakan in that period, did not oppose his son Şahruh and pursued a very fine politics to avoid conflict. Thus, it prevented the two Sunni states from confronting. His reigning life, with internal and external galleries, was made by his son, Sultan Mehmed, who would open a new era in terms of civilization, not only politically and militarily, but left a country that could not be developed in any kind of scientific development.

Due to the love and indulgence of his people towards him, Murad Han, whom he called Koca Murad Gazi, was a spirited, sensitive, graceful, fair, merciful and loyal, brave and cautious, commanding statesman. The combat life that started when he was twelve at the age of twelve continued until his death. He liked scientific conversations, protected scholars and met their needs. He used to spend two days a week in the scientific assembly with a conversation. His knowledge and worship are also very much; the zühd, vera and its reinforcement were very much. One anxiety and thought; To give the last breath with faith was to open the forehead to the sight of Allahu teala, on the day of Judgment.

Although he spent almost his entire life in the gas squares, he was called Ebu’l Hayrat because he gave importance to the construction works and left many works . During his reign, he built madrasahs for the poor and ulema for the poor in Bursa, Edirne and other cities.

In Edirne, he built a mosque, a madrasah and a fountain, to teach the hadiths of our Prophet and raise students in religious knowledge. As a reason for this complex to be built among the people, the dream of the Prophet II. It is rumored that Murad signaled him to have a darülhadis here. In this respect , it has been famous with the name Darülhadis since the construction of the complex . Murad Han had the Tahtakale bath built, the income of which belonged to Darülhadis complex. Today, there are two tombs from the Darülhadis complex, a mosque and a fountain, and a garden.

II. The most important of Murad Han’s works in Edirne is Üç Şerefeli Mosque . The three-honored minaret, which gave the mosque its name, is 67.62 meters high. The minarets have come to life with red stone zigzags and white squares. Each of them gets out of the way. Üç Şerefeli mosque is located between the early and classical period styles in Ottoman art. The large central dome, twenty-four meters in diameter, sits on six stands, two of which are pillars and four are wall pillars. There are square sections covered by two smaller domes. The temple is a transverse rectangular structure as an innovation. Thus, it will set an example for the mosques that develop transversely.

Famous architect Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi Bey says the following for the Three Honors Mosque. “This is the monument, which is the turning point of Ottoman architecture. This monument is an example of the Ottoman architecture finding itself together and it is the three honored conqueror of this move. Ottoman architecture will reach Süleymaniye, Selimiye, Sultanahmed after this period ”.

II. Hoca Sadeddin Efendi says about the mosque and its complex, which was built by Murad on a hill overlooking the Sarayiçi in Muradiye neighborhood, which is one of the most beautiful mosques and with its own name :

“This mosque, known for its beauty and elegance, is known by the beautiful name of Hünkar. Besides, places to live for the poor and musk are reserved, guesthouses, and heart-pleasing mansions for incoming and outgoing passengers. Rich tables are set up in the morning and evening, and banquets are served. A large barn was built for passenger cars and cargo animals. The feed needs of the animals are met here spontaneously, and the passengers, who are devastated by road fatigue, do not have the problem of preparing food and drink. In addition, a school building has been built for the education of children and the upbringing of young people. It was a place reminiscent of the gardens of Eden by building a Mevlevihane for the dervishes who grew up in Hazrat Mevlana. Hearts of heartbeat spread to the owners of the heart with the burning of heart.

Hoca Sadeddin Efendi says the following about the mosque, madrasah and its imaret, which also includes the tomb of Murad Han, which gave its name to the district in Bursa.

“The Great Mosque (Muradiye) built in Bursa city was also very beautiful. He made a large imaret for the cooking of various dishes at the entrance of the mosque and made it task for everyone to eat and feed the hunger when it got dark in the morning and evening. Thus, widows and orphans go to their households, whose bellies are saturated. In accordance with the path of his ancestor, whose stops are Heaven, he also has a separate place for young people who learn science. More than three hundred students study here every day. ”

II. Murad Han also built a bridge around Ergene in Edirne and established the town of Uzunköprü. He also built mosques in Thessaloniki and Ipsala. The villages of a large sub-title called Balıkhisarı in the Ankara region; He dedicated Mecca to the poor. Every year, he shared ten thousand gold coins with his own hands in the city he was in. He abided by the right of his subjects, and avoided the right of the servant. His father, Çelebi Sultan , continued the custom of sending gifts to the neighbors of our Prophet, to the neighbors of the Prophet, to the poor of Makkah-Al Mukarrama and Madina-i Münevvere.

On this occasion, the following event reveals his pure and clean faith.

As it was conveyed in the history of Aşıkpaşazade, a scholar named Fazlullah from the Acem country came to the Ottoman country and Sultan II. He was close to Murad Han. Eventually he rose to the office of vizier (1436).

It was time for the akches, which are sent to Beytullah every year, to be prepared and sent that year. The Sultan said to his vizier Fazlullah:

“Fazlullah! Send the prepared funds to Halilü’r-Rahmana, Kudüs-i Şerife, Kabetullaha and Medine-i Resule. Both Mevlana Yegan intended pilgrimage and send him with him. ”

However, no adequate fund was found in the treasury. They borrowed from Çandarlı Halil Pasha. Sultan:

“Khalil! Is this halal money you give? ” He asked. He said:

“The legacy of my father is money, my sultan,” he said.

Vizier Fazlullah saw that the sultan needed maple from time to time. He said:

“I am a state-owned sultan. Treasures are required for the sultans. If you please, I’ll collect it. ”

The Sultan: “How do you collect?” he asked.

“Most of the nation does not give their zakat to the treasure. Let’s take it by force. ”

II. Murad was wrapped:

“Bre queen! Don’t you know that zakat and charity are the right of the poor. Are we obliged to eat zakat so that we can take it by force? He said, “Go to work, go away.”

Sultan Second Murad Khan became his hometown of scholarship and awliya since he did not pay tribute to saints and treats by respecting the scholars and scholars. He took everybody’s prayer.

Even the great scholar Molla Yegan had brought him, the teacher of Fatih, the scholar Molla Gürani , as a gift on the return of pilgrimage . This is a unique phenomenon that has not been encountered in the cultural history of any nation, II. It also shows the value given by Murad Han to the knitting. It draws attention in terms of being the sultan whose most works were written in the Ottoman Empire. Indeed, in his time, many works of poetry and prose were written and the Ottoman palace became a treasure of artifacts.

II. The greatest service of Murad in the field of national culture is the importance it gives to the Turkish language. He showed meticulousness to write in Turkish by ordering an open language in the works written. Many Turkish works were written during the period. Especially Tevarih-i Al-i Selçuk, which describes the Turkish-Oguz traditions of Yazıcıoğlu Ali, the Danishmendname of Molla Arif Çelebi about Anatolian conquest and Turkification, Şeyhi’s Hüsrev-ü Şirin, Yazıcıoğlu Mehmed’s Muhammediyye The nightmare translated by Persian and Mercimek Ahmed from Persian are extremely important works in terms of our language history.

The following event that happened with Mercimek Ahmed, the nightmare of the nightmare, explains how sensitive the sultan is about language.

One day I arrived at the service of the sultan on the way to Plovdiv. I saw that the sultan of the world, the winner of the time, Sultan Murad Khan, a descendant of the sultan, holds a book in his hand. This insult, sick volunteer, that alicenap sultan:

“What is this book?” I asked. In his sweet words: he replied as a nightmare and said:

“It’s a nice book. It contains many useful things and advices. Amma is Farsi language. One person translated it into Turkish, but it is not understandable, he did not say it clearly. Therefore, we do not find the taste of the stories. But if anyone is there, if he translates this book clearly and understandably, that he enjoys his meaning. ”

After this conversation, Mercimek Ahmed translated the book into Turkish language in a very nice and terse style.

Again, according to the controversies, it is the sultan whose poems were recorded for the first time among the Ottoman sultans.

Though – who is not my wish is to make your büsüs,
to tell what is necessary for the moment that is Arif.

He was such a strong poet that he was able to write such poems. This poem is important in that it reflects his feelings and thoughts.

Every person has been engaged in the world on a profit We have been busy on
you we profit-ber-profit

Watch the lazarun eyler bâğ-ı dehre deceived Watch
us cemalün Çeşm-i hûnhâr on

If a person falls in love, the decision does not
hurt. If they shed, a murderer will be destroyed.

Rule out the provincial point,
o the owner-kemal Dest-i is the power to transfer because the perks

O Muradi became a scholar for each scholar, Alim
Cününçın, and went to mukarreb.

Description:

O dear, every person in the world is consuming life by dealing with a job.
We left as much work aside and only got you a job.

Deceived in the beauty of the world vineyard, but lingers in the tulip gardens.
On the other hand, our eyes looked like blood-filled tulips from crying to you. Show us your beautiful face and let our tears rest.

What a person in love travels in honor and success.
If water drops are poured on the fire, it will be destroyed.

O kemal owner! Do not go out of line with the point to be as ordered.
Because it is Allah’s discretion that guides you to that compass.

There is, of course, a Scholar (who knows everything) above every knowledge.
As a matter of fact, he went over mukarreb ebrar for him.

In his time, some of the Nazire magazines that constitute the basis of his dedications were also dedicated to him. In addition, there are many works dedicated to his name, and in almost all of them, the name of this Sultan like İrşadü’l-Murad ile’l Murad, Mesnevi-i Muradiye is mentioned. There is a broad-based cultural activity in the fast period and this movement has been the basis for the next centuries.

O only liver-parem

II. One of the most important services of Murad Han is that he brought up Fatih of the future and presented it to Turkish history. With the maturity and discretion that few monarchs can show, he abandoned his reign and even put him on the throne and made him thoroughly cook in the state administration. His transfer of his many years of experience at a very young age was the subject of a book. Says:

One day Sultan Murad Han was sitting on his throne in the center of Edirne. While he was playing and walking in the courtyard of the palace, his young boy prince (who hadn’t been to starboard yet) came running to his father suddenly and said:

“O my happy sultan and my respected father! I would like to ask you a question about an issue that I could not get out of, even though I was extremely curious, if I knew that I would not miss your blessed and honorable peace.

Against this word of Sultan Murad Khan’s son:

“O my only son, who is my liver! What do you want to ask and learn? Let me listen to you. I hope to try to give satisfying and curiosity answers. I would like this with all my heart. ”

Here are some parts of Sultan Murad Han’s speech that started with this kind of advice and continued with the advice that would fill a book:

Occasionally, I remember my great ancestry. After me, they will come after you and you, so what will be the fate of our generation, how will our lineage continue? We have come up to today with respect, respect and commitment, and I wish that we continue in the same way from now on. I would like to go again just how we were born and how we came.

Most of the time, my help to humble and benevolent people. For this reason, I have removed many of my people from worthless places and brought them to high positions due to their circumstances. According to their minds, movements and attitudes, I still distribute rankings suitable for them and suitable for many of them. Among them are, for example, spies on the account of Karamanogullari and Alauddevle and their sons, and even those who later cooperated and got caught in them.

I look at the subject as follows: The lord shows the same behavior to someone who is loyal to his master with all the sincerity of his heart, who is sane and whose movements are smooth. I believe that the services and federations of such a person cannot be paid in return for the same service or money.

I still can’t remember: Nice gave ranks to my servants, raised them, and in return I was satisfied with them. However, if some of those who rose with my help again, they paid for these rises very expensive. The office they came to opened many troubles for them. Because the mischief they did when their rank was small, would not be very noticeable. When their authorities rose, what they did and what they did not showed up thoroughly and there was no delay in looking at their requirements.

O son! You have to document this:

There is a big difference between anything occurring constantly with brute force, sword, heroism and overwhelming force, as a result of reason, precaution, patience, farsightedness, trial and exhausting experiences. The first way is not always valid, there are many drawbacks.

Convenient and proper times, opportunities to reduce opportunities, of course, are not given to rush in life and use arm strength. I have experienced this many times and have always come to the same conclusion. For this, it is necessary to bear all the necessary conditions of every asset to be obtained.

If a man enters a garden to eat a garden full of nuts, tear off raw raw fruits that have not yet happened, what he wants to eat is not fruit, perhaps poison. But if he waits for it to ripen and tear it off afterwards, it can only be said to have eaten at that time.

I make my worship against Allah Almighty with the most sincere feelings and heart. With my honest belief, I firmly wish that I will meet all kinds of useful needs in a timely manner and I believe in this.

I can explain this even better with another example:

For example, if a dear and auspicious son wants something very easy to be given from a compassionate father, he will be delighted and delighted to be able to give it, to fulfill his son’s desire, as well as not to give such a son such a thing.

Here you can easily compare the situation and desires of us people with the situation of what is promised by God.

I believe that the responses I have suffered in this world of suffering and suffering will be given by God in another world that will come and beg him to him at any moment. I am also very satisfied with my own situation.

So much so that I will not escape even one step in front of me and try to avoid. Maybe I will be more satisfied and thankful. Because, in this way, I would be glad that I would change my world and go to a new, new world, maybe I would fly. Because the world that I am going to has nothing to do with this world, the life I am living in, this mortal life. I know that the rate is perfect and superior here in hundreds of thousands of ways.

Mankind is constantly walking above the normal line, especially in his youth, food, drink and sexual relations. As a result, all these wastage weakens the human body, and when old age comes and grows, it finds the body in an exhausted and infamous, useless state. In this case, old age has come to such a body that the body does not even have the power to respect it.

For example, you needed a horse. Your barn brought a weak, weak horse to the brain. In this case, is it your fault, or is it the horse-minister, the one who is closely interested in the horse?

Of course, it is for the horse. You just have to ride, not care!

I have seen many elders, although they are very old, they have never seen a doctor face and have completed their lives with health. These are always thanks to diet. They paid attention to diet even in their youth. Because falling to the hands of a doctor at the end of life suffers unbearable pain.

I would like you to know this well: There are three kinds of people in this world.

The first is the people whose minds and ideas are in place, who see and think the future more or less, and have no abnormalities.

Second, those who are far from knowing whether the roads are straight or curved. But they have fallen into this situation not with their own will, but with the environmental impact. When they are advised, they take and accept the heads and listen to the word. Often they live by hearing what they hear and hear.

The third are neither aware of anything nor do they listen to the warnings or advice. They just follow their desires and think they know everything. They are less common than others.

O son!

If Allah Almighty created you among the people I counted first, I would be glad. If you are like the second, not the first, I would advise you to heed the advice.

Do not be in the third group! They are not in good condition neither against God nor people.

The sultans look like a person holding a scales. When you become a sultan, I want you to keep the scale right. Then Allah Almighty longing for your good.

What did they say:

Both contemporary and modern historians unite in Murad Han’s genius, size, abundance of goodness and benevolence, and the importance he attaches to zoning, civilization and cultural moves.

Famous Byzantine historian Dukas, II. Murad Han has the following opinion:

God knows that Murad was always kind to the people and generous to the people. He bestowed on his bounties not only those of his own race and religion but also Christians. He would comply with the provisions of sworn trials with Christians. However, although it was seen that some of the Christians returned from their vows, they were wrathed by Allah Almighty because of these treatments and could not get rid of Murad’s revenge.

Murad’s anger and violence would not last very long. After the victory, he would not follow his enemy and would not want to destroy any nation until the end. If the defeated people sent a request for peace by sending envoys, he would gladly accept the envoys and give them peace by giving them peace.

Halkondil:

The laws of Sultan Murad were a fortunate man who loved justice. He would only fight when he had to defend himself. He wouldn’t attack anyone unfairly. He would fight if he was attacked. This was not from fear or laziness. If he would, he would go on a trip even in winter, and he would not avoid his knots.

Hammer:

Throughout his thirty years, Murad left the name of a benevolent, fair and text monarch in the memory of his nation, ruling the country with honor and fairness. He was a loyal person of his word even in peace as in the war. But he was a great revenge-seeker for those who broke his contract.

Babinger:

II. With his fairness, good temper, honesty and frankness, Murad is highly praised not only by the Ottoman, but also by the Byzantine historians.

Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi Efendi :

Because be Şehinşah-ı ali-nelâd
All this time ghazâ and jihâd made the
Sünnet-i ecdâd, the
gloriousness of the moments He
made a good hangah u madrasah
Ta şecer-i cehl i root pouch Hadith-i tawf
and
made a mosque heaven-Numa
Sıdkı u Hulûsi structure with whether you
‘re hungry, soup kitchen door of
Actors to the Mevlana to accept charity
because this is the dervish speaks of the road

Evolution:

Sultan Murad Han Gazi was a lord of the people and soldiers. At the time, the ulema and the sultan and fukara were in prosperity and safety. In his time, the country became pure and abad from bid’at. This was the alliance of the travelers, a country decorated with justice like their hometown, and a honorable sultan like him was not seen and heard. The country was adorned with the Ahl al-Sunnah sect. People from seventy-two nations came and decided in Rum and lived with confidence.

Şükrullah is:

In the age of this religious sultan, the Greek country was far from anxiety and worry, bad affairs, narrow thought, fun, and decorated with fearlessness and righteousness, decorated with abundance and cheapness. He recognized the value of religion and religious people, the right of virtues. Researchers who know the situation of the Acun (world) countries well, and those who have experienced good manners are:

They said, “The country, like the Greek (Ottoman country) in the age of Sultan Murad, is decorated with truth and justice, and the country is neither seen nor heard.”

Muslims found comfort and fearlessness in the shadow of his celebrated tent, which equipped the countries. The charity made in the auspicious age of this religious sultan; gases with religious enemies; countries conquest; construction of madrasas, masjids, hangovers, mosques, pulpits, stone bridges, caravanserais and other charities; how the scholars are howled, glorified and raised; It has never been seen in any age that the possessions, the abids, the people of the people and the powerless are captured and pitiful. After that, he connects the final end with the following statements.

When the commandment of the Come of your Lord is
filled with sweetness, the bird of heaven should not fly to Him.

The post II. Murat Han Life first appeared on HistoryTurk.

He was born in 1389, when his grandfather Murad Hüdavendigâr was martyred and his father Bayezid Han came to the throne. The mother of Germiyanoğlu Süleyman Şah is the daughter of Devlet Hatun.

Like all the princes, he grew up in the hands of the most popular scholars of the time. He learned about Arabic and Qur’anic sciences from Ahmed bin Muhammed Cezeri, and other mental and transplant sciences from İmamüddin Ali Çelebi, who is famous for the name of Sofi Bayezid. Çelebi Mehmed, who learned the fiqh knowledge of Hanafi sect from Bursa woman Koca Mahmud Çelebi and Molla Fenari, also received a fez from his brother-in-law Emir Sultan.

Magenta mail with white skin, black eyes, black eyebrows, bushy beard, hawk eyes, open forehead, wide chest and long sleeves had their noses unchanged in the dynasty. His body was exceptionally skilful in sports. It was known as the Wrestler Çelebi for its strength and ambiguity.

Perseverance and willpower, loyal to his word, patient, prudent and dignified. Thanks to his farsightedness, he would act in advance of potentially dangerous events. He would do planned and scheduled work and quickly put his decisions into the field of application.

He was fourteen years old when he joined the war in Ankara. He faced big problems at a young age with the loss of the war.

It united the disintegrated state in one hand after long struggles. He regained the unity in Anatolia. While removing some of the Anatolian principalities that Timur enlivened, some of them were subordinated. Because of this feature, it was called the second founder of the Ottoman state.

In Rumelia, it strengthened its Turkish influence. This hero ruler, who spent his entire life in wars, received forty wounds in the twenty-four battles he participated in. The following quote from him expresses his life story very well: Who suffered so many troubles when I was a child, nobody has. Unfortunately, this Turkish hakan, who struggled day and night to restore the state to his former majesty, closed his eyes to life when he was thirty-two years old.

In addition to his political achievements, Çelebi Mehmed gave great importance to development and cultural activities. He had many works built in Bursa, Edirne and Amasya. The temple, known as the Green Mosque in Bursa, is one of the city’s main masterpieces, both due to the rarity of the marble used in its construction and the elegance of the carvings that adorn it. He built his tomb in a high position opposite this mosque. The madrasa, which faces the tomb, has been turned into a museum today.

In addition, the completion of the Great Mosque, which was started by Emir Süleyman in Edirne and continued by Musa Çelebi, was granted to him. This mosque was built in Edirne to become a foundation. Her son Şehzade Kasım is in the garden of this mosque.

Celebi Mehmed would protect and encourage scientists. He was reverent and generous towards them. In this respect, during his short reign, works were written in various positions on his behalf. Ibni Arabşah, Abdurrahman Merzifoni, Molla Sarı Yakup, Molla Kara Yakup, Rhyme Muhyiddin, Kadı Feyzullah and Rükneddin Ahmed are among the most famous scholars of the period.

Sultan Celebi Mehmed sometimes sang poetry. This poem, which is found in Tezkires, shows his calendar, his unwavering faith against Allah Almighty.

Cihân hasm olsa, Hakk’dan nusret iste!
Erenlerden duâ vü himmet iste!
Çalup dîn aşkına udvâne şimşir,
Anuban çâr-ı yârı hidmet iste!
Eğer leb-teşne isen ey bed-endîş;

Bu deşne çeşmesinden şerbet iste!
Geçenden geç, demür taşdan sakınma,
Demüri mahv idenden kuvvet iste!
Çevürme yüz muhalifden Mehemmed,
Adûyı arsadan sür vüs’at iste!

About Sultan Celebi Mehmed:

Halkondil: It is the cult that everybody united about the justice, affection, companionship, his persistence in his friendship, his philanthropy for the Turks and the Greeks by the Byzantine rulers, as well as the Ottoman governors, which elevated the First Mehmed to the speed of his attitude, his actions, and his praise.

Dukas: Çelebi Mehmed treated not only Turks but also Christians with kindness, and the beauty of his wits and morality fit together with his heartfelt feelings.

Hammer: After all his life, the loyal ally of the Byzantine emperor, the terrible enemy of the Turkmen rebels, the glorious foundation of the throne of the Ottoman reign, the Noah, who saved the state ship endangered by the Tatar flood in the words of the Ottoman rule …

Hodja Sadeddin Efendi : The Sultanate period was missing five days from eight years. He was famous on all sides with his good character and compassionate attitude. He would distribute alimony to those who wish as he had menstruated, saturate the fukaha every Friday, provide the necessary help to those in need, and delight broken hearts with untouched gifts. Allahu ta’ala, the glory of his glory, would send the goods to the guests in Haremeyn (Mecca and Medina) in a way that does not count every year.

When Çelebi Mehmed was disturbed and fell on the bed, Hoca Sadeddin Efendi again conveys his will to the statesmen to call his son Murad and his will to them:

Ayak çekti hükümet kapısından
Soyundu padişahlık hırkasından
Gördü ki bu dünya bir boş mekandır
Su üstüne kurulmuş bir binadır
Bu tarlaya kerem tohumunu ekti
Dâr-ı karara doğru niyetlendi
Güzel adını yazıp koydu cihanda
Keremden el çekmedi bir zamanda
Güven, huzur idi çünkü dileği
Sultan Murad’a ısmarladı yerini
Vasiyeti bu oldu o, şah gelsin
Üstünlük göğünün ayı yükselsin
Refah getirsin bütün insanlara
Lütfunu göstersin gününde halka
Kılıcı gidersin zulmün kirini
Kıskansın çağlar keremli devrini
Yine sultan beylerine buyurdu
Ki askerden gizlesinler durumu
Şahın ölümü fitneye yol açar
Kötü dileyiciler bunu fırsat sayar
Hizmet eylen ciğer kuşem Murad’a
Sarfeyleyin gücünüzü yoluna
Adâlet semtine yöneltin anı
Onun ile ferah kılın cihanı
Zulüm töresini hiç öğretmeyin
Zalimlikle adını belletmeyin
Selamım duyurun ol nevcivana
Benden söyleyin ol yüce durağa
Kaçınsın o, cefa etmekten aman
Gaflet etmesin bir dem sakınmadan
Armağandır ona Hakkın kulları
Sakınsın, olmasın zulmün aracı
Yaraşmaz Osmanlı soyuna zulüm
Yanar cihan, feryad ederse mazlum
Lutfile din ehlini gözle sen
Bilgi sahiplerin her dem kolla sen
Boyun eğme sen gönlün hevesine
Dost etmeyesin kötüyü kendine
Dilersen her ülkeye el koymaya
Bağla kalbini yüce Yaradana
Haktan sakın dönmeye heveslenme
Kinle zulümle eteğini kirletme
Düşmanları kırsın, keskin kılıcın
Dünü gün halka yardımcı olasın
Her günün parlak, kadr olsun her geçen
Rahmanın yardımıyla olur yükselmen.

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He was born in Bursa in 1360. His father was Murad-ı Hüdavendigâr and his mother was Gülçiçek Hatun. Bursa woman Koca Mahmud, who was one of the most distinguished scholars of the time from a young age, learned knowledge from Kazasker Çandarlı Halil and Karamanlı Molla Rüstem. He received military training from his father’s election commanders, and his armies took lessons in referral and administration. He started to participate in wars from a young age. He was a born commander. He became famous for his heroism and courage. He was very brave. He would act remarkably fast. He quickly dispatches his armies to wherever he wants, and confronts his enemies when he never expected. He used the title of Lightning with his right. He was nervous with temperament.

In the face of sudden cases, he kept his reputation and coolness, made his decision and applied it very quickly. In one move, he eliminated the Anatolian lords and landed on the Aegean coasts and the Black Sea coasts by capturing the Samsun airport. The Anatolian Turkish Union project has made it an ideal.

In the battle of Niğbolu; His ability to dispatch and manage his troops and destroy the enemy shows that he is a superior commander. While Büyük Cihangir Timur Han did not even guess, catching him in front of Ankara is another proof of his military might. However, by not taking advantage of this situation, giving the opportunity to the enemy was against the excessive confidence in him and his army. The betrayal of the Anatolian gentlemen forces with the black tatars hit Yıldırım in this war.

The dates are allies that Bayezid was exceptionally just in his conquests and against his subjects. The fair behaviors he exhibited in the annexation of Sivas and the Rumeli conquest of Konya are quite exemplary.

Every day, he would stand in a place where everyone could see him, listen to the complaints and desires of his subjects from all sides, and immediately return the rights of those who were wronged. It would never interfere with the judgments of the women and would not confuse anyone.

According to a rumor, the rumor that women took bribes had appeared in Rumelia. Bayezid, who immediately opened an investigation, ordered those whose crime was fixed to be burned after closing a house in Yenişehir. Umaras and scholars, especially Vizier-i azam Ali Pasha, barely gave up this decision, which he made with great anger. When Ali Pasha stated that they had low wages, so they may have been in favor of such a way, the sultan made a salary for the women. After this incident, even the slightest abuse in state affairs was not observed.

Yıldırım Bayezid Han was in the conversations of the scholars and consulted with the state affairs with them. Allahu would accept the words stating the orders and prohibitions of the caliphate.

Someday the sultan had to testify in court. Like everyone else in the court, he waited standing with his hands tied in front of him. Bursa woman of the period, Molla Şemseddin Fenari , made the following judgment after draining the sultan:

“Your testimony is invalid. Because you are not praying with the congregation. A person who does not perform his prayers with the congregation even though he has the means, can testify as a liar. ”

In the face of this accusation, everyone was waiting for Yıldırım Bayezid to get angry. But he bent his neck and left the court. After this incident, he built a mosque next to his palace and started to perform his prayers with the congregation.

Yıldırım Bayezid spent the spoils he gained as a result of the battles with the Crusaders for the welfare of the people. He had many mosques and imarets built. The most important of these is the Great Mosque built in Bursa . He built the Yıldırım Mosque in a delightful view on the outskirts of Uludağ. On the other hand, he built a hospital for the treatment of patients with madrasah, imaret, guesthouse and Turkish bath. In the Sifahane, which he brought to the administration of the doctor Şemseddin from Egypt, one head, three assistant doctors, two pharmacists, two hops and cooks, bakers, caregivers and caregivers worked.

Yıldırım Han also developed Amasya, Sivas, Kastamonu, Tokat and Konya hospitals.

Three mills are strong enough to turn, and Akçaoğlan, known for its taste and drink, lowered the water from Uludağ to the city with closed pipes. He had the mosque, madrasah and bathhouse, which he had passed through belts and jewels, and left the rest for the neighborhoods. He poured this water out of many beautiful-looking fountains built in every neighborhood. Yıldırım Bayezid also has a lodge in Bursa for Kazeruni dervishes, a mosque and imaret in Edirne, mosques in Karaferye, Kütahya, and Balıkesir. Large foundations have been appointed for all these facilities.

Ahmedî, one of the first Ottoman historians about Yıldırım Bayezid Han :

“He was just and perfect, like his ancestors and grandfathers. He liked the people of science very much, he respected them and bestowed them. Allah made his men (abids and zahids) nice. In justice, he did not leave an unfinished place in Rum. ”

Şükrullah:

“When Bayezid Hünkar sat on the throne of the principality, he improved justice better than his ancestors and grandfathers. It hurt the poor, keeping the gentlemen supreme. The first job was to avoid evil and suspicious works and not to fear Allah. ”

Shooter Mehmed Pasha:

“Sultan Bayezid was just, bahah, a ruler who loved scholars and the poor and showed affection to the rich.”

Aşık Paşazade:

They say, “Lightning would distribute charity to the city center every Friday”.

Hoca Sadeddin Efendi, on the other hand, completes the Yıldırım Bayezid Han bet with the following lines:

Gerçi o sultana zarar değdi,
Ama, bunu soyu için denedi.
Geriye kaldı asil çocukları
Anılmaktadır hep hayırla adı
İyi bir ad bırakmak ona yeter
Unutulmamak her kederi örter
Düşmanına başını hiç eğmedi
Yüz yüze savaşmaktan çekinmedi
Yele verip devleti çerağını
Kınında gizlemedi kılıcını
Gayret ile korudu namusunu
Şerefiyle vermedi konuğunu
Timur’a zaferi verdiyse de Hak
Tahtına soyunu etti müstehak
Gözetmeseydi Osman soyunu
Ta o zaman yıkardı boyunu
Peygamber uğruna baş koyunca
Bunlara devleti verdi soyca
Olunca dilekleri hep iyilik
Sürüp gitmedi bu kargaşalık
Allah sevgisiyle Osmanlılar
Hanlığı Hak’tan böyle aldılar

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Karacahisar Castle reflects the characteristics of the settlements called “Kastron” or “Kale Kent” in terms of its location and architectural features. In the 7th and 8th centuries in Anatolia, the fortress cities were defined as military cities of the Middle Byzantine period. These settlements, which were regularly exposed to Persian and Arab raids since the 8th century, were largely under Seljuk domination in the 11th and 12th centuries; It is known that in the 13th and 14th centuries, all the cities in Anatolia were seized by the Turkmen principalities except the Byzantine settlements in Istanbul and Bitinya. It is known that the walls of Karacahisar and the Byzantine settlements in the west were first repaired by the Seljuks and then by the Ottoman threat and new fortress cities were created. There is no written document as to whether Karacahisar was among the settlements that the Byzantine Empire built for defense during this period or whether it was fortified as an existing fortress city. Another deficiency is the lack of studies on the settlements of this nature, including the Karacahisar Castle.

It is clear that such fortress cities, built especially on a high area, are not conducive to a very dense population and to an intense architectural organization by their borders. Karacahisar Castle is a settlement with architectural position and location that should be evaluated in this general description. At the same time, Karacahisar should be evaluated within the definitions that the majority of the Byzantine people living in Anatolia and living in Anatolia especially in the 13th and 14th centuries settled in the castles. It should be underlined that there were sources of the period that was conquered by Osman Gazi in 1288 and that the first sermon was taught by printing coins in the name of Osman Gazi in 1299. In the period after the conquest of the fortress, our knowledge is limited except for the narratives in the Ottoman sources that a Kadı (Dursun Fakı) and Subaşı (Gündüz Alp) were assigned and the administration was given to Orhan Gazi. There is information that the castle was abandoned during the Fatih period and moved to the settlement established below. This general information also includes the definitions and evaluations of the Karacahisar Fortress that have emerged from the studies conducted to date.

Karacahisar Castle, located southwest of Eskişehir, covers an area of ​​approximately 200×300 meters on a plateau 1010 meters above sea level.

Although the studies on the formation and change phases of Karacahisar Castle in the historical process have revealed some important data, there are still uncertainties about when the castle was built and named. Although it is known that Karacahisar Castle was one of the important fortresses in the defense line of the region during the Byzantine period, there is no information about whether it was used before the Byzantine period. The information that Karacahisar Castle had been inhabited during the Byzantine period is among the information defined. The findings from the surveys and excavations carried out at the fortress to date have provided important data especially on the existence of late Byzantine settlement. The Phrygian region, including the Karacahisar Castle, has been identified as an important strategic point between the Byzantine Empire and the Turks during the Middle Ages. The battles of Dorylaion and Miryakephelon, which are about 7 km from Karacahisar, reveal the dominance struggles in the region in the 11th and 12th centuries. After these wars, it is understood that the power of Byzantium in the region decreased significantly and the area of ​​domination decreased considerably. Especially After these wars, it is understood that the power of Byzantium in the region decreased significantly and the area of ​​domination decreased considerably. Especially After these wars, it is understood that the power of Byzantium in the region decreased significantly and the area of ​​domination decreased considerably. Especially

After the Battle of Miryakephelon II. According to the agreement between Kılıçarslan and Manuel Komnenos, the destruction of Byzantine castles in the region, especially Dorylaion, completely changed the balance of dominance in the region. After the invasion of Istanbul by the Latins in 1204, the Byzantine Empire identified the city of Iznik as the capital, which in part caused a change in the military and political structure of the region in the 13th century. Although the effectiveness of Tekfur in Karacahisar and other Byzantine castles increased to a certain extent, it is known that they continued their independence by paying taxes to the Seljuk Principality.

In the middle of the 13th century; firstly Ertuğrul Gazi and then Osman Gazi’s increasing dominance in the region. The important position of Karacahisar Castle in the historical process; Osman Gazi’s power in the region is increasing and the uncomfortable regional tekfur emerged in the ongoing process with the formation of an alliance under the leadership of Karacahisar Tekfuru. Karacahisar Castle was besieged and seized by Osman Gazi in 1288 in order to break this alliance. The process of the capture and settlement of Karacahisar Castle by Osman Gazi is described in chronicles. Osman Gazi, who settled in Söğüt and Domanic districts;

Did Ertuğrul Gazi conquer Karacahisar Castle? Here is the truth

Karacahisar Castle was conquered twice, both in the period of Ertugrul Gazi and the period of Osman Gazi.

Karacahisar Castle conquest of Osman Gazi Although it is known that performed by Ertuğrul Gazi period Alaeddin Keykubad.Catching soon conquered the castle with the help of Ertugrul Ghazi ‘s history again stuck in his hands and into the hands of the Byzantine Empire.

THE CONQUEST OF ERTUĞRUL GAZİ

Ertuğrul Gazi led the Turkish tribe of 340 people and settled on the skirts of Karacadağ near Engüri (today Ankara). Ertuğrul Gazi , who was aware of the struggles between Yannis Vatatzes and Sultan Seljuk Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad in the vicinity of Sultan Story and Engürü , participated in battles in order to serve the army. In this context, he took part in the siege of Karacahisar. Welcoming this, Alaeddin Keykubad I, Ertugrul Gazimade raid head. In 1230, due to the Battle of the Flat Plain of the Kharezmshah and the Battle of Kösedağ with the Mongols, I. Alaeddin Keykubad and III. Peace between Yannis Vatatzes. Shortly thereafter, Alaeddin I. Keykubad I gave Ertuğrul Gazi or his ancestors Söğüt as winter barracks and Domanic as a plateau. While Ertuğrul Gazi continued his raids from here, Karacahisar came out of hand after Alaeddin Keykubad I left . Thereupon Ertugrul Gazi , went to the path of reconciliation with native tekfurlar. Neşrî conveys this information in his Spiritual History from Ruhi. Âşıkpaşazâde shortened these narratives and changed the content of the events, Osman Beyperiod. According to another story, Ertugrul Gazi and his tribe who settled on the skirts of Karacadag near Enguri from Surmeli Çukur (Aras River valley) or Ahlat stayed here for a while and the Emperor of Iznik III. He took part in the army of Alaeddin Keykubad I against Yannis Vatatzes. However , after the return of Konya I. Alaeddin Keykubad because of the Mongol attacks Ertugrul Gazi ‘Söğüt winter barracks, Domanic was appointed as a plateau.

THE CONQUEST OF OTTOMAN GAZI

In the middle of the 13th century; first Ertuğrul Gazi , then Osman Gazi ‘s increasing area of ​​domination in the region can be mentioned. The important position of Karacahisar Castle in the historical process; Osman Gazi ‘s increasing power in the region and uncomfortable with this situation in the region under the leadership of the Tekfuru’nun Karacahisar emerged in the ongoing process with the formation of an alliance. Karacahisar Castle was besieged and seized by Osman Gazi in 1288 in order to break this alliance . Osman Gazi settled in Söğüt and Domanic district’S; After the fortress was taken to settle in Eskişehir and as stated in the Ottoman Chronicles, Karacahisar Castle was taught sermons and coins in his own name. Karacahisar was defined as one of the most important settlements during the establishment of the Ottoman Principality.

The post Karacahisar Castle (The First Conquest of the Ottoman Empire) first appeared on HistoryTurk.

The eighth Ottoman sultan. His father was Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror and Gülbahar Hatun were originally believed to be Albanian. Gülbahar Hatun probably entered Fatih’s harem in 1446 and gave birth to Bayezid two years later.

From an early age, she was brought up with great care and Bayezid the prince was collected in the hands of the most distinguished scholars of the period. Among his teachers were Mirim Çelebi, Molla Abdülkadir, Hatip Kasım, Abdullah Efendi and Molla Selahaddin. When he was seven years old, he became the governor of Amasya under the supervision of Hadım Ali Pasha.

Amasya was one of the most favorable and prosperous cities of the time. It was a cultural center where scholars and poets gathered since the Seljuk period. All conditions were available in this province for the growth of a sultan.

Şehzade Bayezid increased the knowledge and improved the knowledge of Hadım Ali Pasha, who was one of the top state officials in Amasya, Kemaleddin Ahmed Çelebi, his sniper, Hacı Mahmud Çelebi-zâde Sadeddin Çelebi and his clerk Sa’di Çelebi. Sayyid Sadreddin Mohammad Khorasani and Zeynüddin Hafi were among the caliphs of Abdurrahim Merzifoni.

She took calligraphy lessons from famous calligrapher Sheikh Hamdullah. Çandarlı İbrahim Çelebi, Muslihzâde Kadı Şemseddin Mehmed Çelebi, Nacizâde, Müeyyedzâde Abdurrahman, Hamzabeyzâde Mustafa Paşa, Muhyiddin Mehmed Çelebi and his brother Selahaddin Musa Çelebi were the other well-known scholars in the science district of the prince.

Sayyid Sadreddin Muhammad’s son and caliph, and his father known as Sayyid Ibrahim Çelebi in the village of Yenice near Amasya visited and benefited from the science. He was also known as Çelebi Khalifah, the father of Cemal-i Halveti and Ebussuud Efendi.

In addition to Turkish, he learned Arabic, Persian and Uighur. There are records that speak Italian. He was also knowledgeable in science, mathematics and cosmography.

He often organized hunting parties. In this way, he straddled very well and used all kinds of weapons in the best way possible. In the Otlukbeli War he commanded the right wing of the Ottoman army and had a share in the victory.

II. Bayezid Khan was tall, greasy, hazel-eyed and wide-breasted. His face always gave him the impression that he was mentally busy with serious and heavy things. Fıtraten stand alone in the occurrence of the most recent events would be gratuitous. The most favorite thing in Amasya since the sanjak principality was horseback riding and hunting parties. However, after the emergence of Nikris disease, he was deprived of this pleasure.

He was nicknamed abı Veli ayrıl because he was a scholar, takva, sultan who did not leave justice and mercy and was a famous sultan.

Between 1503 and 1511, many people, artisans, artists, the name of the oak, in an inattack book containing gifts and gifts given to various people, clearly show the value it gives to science and culture. Many scholars and poets, such as Molla Lutfi, Kemal Pasazade, Mueyyedzade Abdurrahman, Tâcizâde Cafer Çelebi, Sâdi Çelebi, Idris-i Bitlisî, Zenbilli Ali Efendi, Necati, Visali, Zâti and Firdevsi, received his support.

Bayezid Khan not only protected and supervised the scholars in other countries, but also in his own country. He would send his five thousand mortals to the sheikh of Mullah Mahmoud in Hirat and to the sheikh of the Dergah in Bukhara, the center of the Naqshbandi road. The gifts and charity given to his personal property were also quite high. He invited Molla Mosque and his son of Ubeydullah-ı Ahrar, Hâce Abdülhâdi to İstanbul. As a matter of fact, Hâce Abdülhadi, who came to Istanbul, received much pride and compliment and received his prayer.

Bayezid Han was also interested in art movements in Europe and had contacts with some artists on various occasions. Leonardo da Vinci, in a letter to the Sultan, reported that he was ready to build bridges on the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus. Michelangelo then attempted to come to Istanbul. However, some political events did not allow these developments to take place.

In addition to other branches of science, Ottoman historiography reached a further stage in the time of Bayezid Khan. İdris-i Bitlisîye has written an Ottoman history of Persian. In addition, many works have been written on his behalf. He read all his works. He encouraged what they found dear ones, and would not let the writers of the works written for them to be distributed in an uproar.

Padishah holding his teacher divit

When Sultan Bayezid was in Amasya, he continued the calligraphy lessons that he started to take from Sheikh Hamdullah and continued to master’s degree in this field. She also strikingly reflects on his adventure with Sheikh Hamdullah, the science of science and science.

Bayezid Han, following the death of his father Fatih the throne in Istanbul, Cem Sultan Sultan’s struggle with the sovereignty of the palace of education with the participation of his mentor Sheikh Hamdullah had been cut. The sheikh could not stay longer in the city after Bayezid left Amasya and emigrated to Istanbul and began to work in the houses of his fellow townsmen, Jalal and Abdullah Amasî, who were both calligraphers like him, in Saraçhanebaşı.

One day, a desire to be presented to the Sultan to be presented to the Sultan Bayezid Khan and his teacher again met. The sultan, seeing the desire presented to him, understood at a glance that the manuscript had belonged to his teacher Hamdullah, whom he had not been able to ask or even ignored for a long time due to the throne and the palace issues. She sensed that she had come to Istanbul and ordered that the calligrapher who wrote this wish be immediately brought to its presence.

Thus, the sultan met with his teacher again and established an oak palace in the vicinity of the harem circle of his palace, and appointed him to be determined as a local and a court clerk. He then used the title of Han Kâtibü’s-Sultan Bayezid Khan O in his paper.

The Sultan frequently visited his teacher at the palace and asked a variety of questions about calligraphy. One day, seven pieces of Yakut-i Musta’s (v.1238) treasure from the treasure, showing his teacher and showing:

I It would be good if it was given an informal promise (if it was brought into the body) sa. She also worked for months in order to bring various innovations and beauty to the script. Thus, until that time, even the calligraphers, even under his influence in the Yakut school ended and the style of Sheikh Hamdullah has been a school style. Indeed, it is said:

Who found the line of Şeyhoğlu Hamdi

In this world, it was definitely necesary.

Sheik Hamdullah is a great calligrapher who is a pioneer in the writing, but in thousands of priceless works he created. We should not forget the support and support of Bayezid Khan.

In fact, there have been many times, when the teacher wrote his teacher, he kept his divitini and provided his comfort by feeding his back with pillows. In addition to his teacher’s wages, he also allocated the income of two villages in Sarıgazi, a district of Üsküdar. Some envoys that can not pull it: “Say the text is not a sheep, Sultan Bayezid wrote,” he began to talk back and forth said that he did not deserve the money received.

One day, Bayezid Khan, who had heard of these rumors, feasted on a large group of ulema and sheikhs and established Sheikh Hamdullah in the corner. When he felt that some of them were broken and resentful, he took one mushaf-i sheriff which his teacher wrote and showed them to each one. Pointing to his teacher after receiving everyone’s appreciation, he had pledged that, saying that no ruler had ever had such a precious calligrapher, and those in the assembly had to affirm this promise.

After this, Bayezid Han asked a number of works written by some of the scholars who were there and then asked him whether he would be able to put it under these books or on the top of these books.

And they all say, ini lâ aatessühü ille’l-mutahherun ece (He said no to him başka). . Then Bayezid Han:

There is no individual who has engraved this verse of the Quran. How can I not put him in a parliament corner, he said.

A sour Sual!

Despite all this, II. There are hollow allegations that Bayezid Khan is not tolerated and open-minded. The only evidence they have made against these claims is supposedly to have his father’s painting of Centile Bellini’s painting from the palace. But to whom? How much has it sold? When did he sell it? The answer to these questions can never be given. Those who bought the paintings trashed it, which was discovered two hundred years later. Moreover, it is not known where Bellini made his painting and whom he presented. Some assumptions that have not been based on any document or information have become unacceptable, as a matter of fact, without a scientific critique.

II. Bayezid Khan, especially in the Mamelukes during the war on the weakness of the army; He made important strides towards strengthening the navy on the request of help from Andalusia. He has increased the number of janissaries. Networking was established. Military equipped with new weapons. In particular, the artillery and cavalry and the transportation of the cannon were subjected to serious amelioration.

With the importance of the navy, sailing warships were built and ships were placed on long-range cannons. With these activities, he ensured that his son Yavuz Sultan Selim was busy with unfathomed jihad, and had a great share in his successes.

II. Bayezid Khan tried to stay away from war unless he had to. In order to ensure the peace and tranquility of the Rean and to prevent any harm to them, he always tried to be in Istanbul. This attribute of his was perceived as abandoning jihad and has sometimes been subject to criticism. In a letter to the Crimean Khan, Mengli Giray sent him:

This is the supply of the companions of the holy king of glory, glorious, superstition, in the two worlds, which is the supply of the heirs of the caliph of Allah. The superior edict of Bâki is the high sultan. B

The answer given by Sultan Bayezid to this letter is extremely important in terms of showing the structure of thought. In the letter of the sultan:

Mı You ask us whether you chose the path of calm and waiver in the corner of your ministry, and left the gas and jihad, and whether it has a place in nass or hadith. A really beautiful sual. It is known by everyone; jihad u to the gas command, is the most important way of Islam. Sultans fall into this path. But I am alone in charge of the rea and the reign on our vast lands. When I come to the presence of God tomorrow; “Bayazid! I’ve deemed you worthy of all the reunions and the worship of the demon you old and a few days of reign and the Caliphate I have been worthy of you. Between my servants have commanded my command and how much you’ve done with justice … I’ve ordered the state of the case and I think what the answer to the state and I think. When one side of the war goes to the war, because there are special qualities in humans, they can draw a strife by taking advantage of our absence. Therefore, I find it more appropriate not to go to any side and to sit in my place for my country. Again, therefore, I spend all my time day and night looking at the work of the people and seeing their work, akt he said.

Reconstruction activities

Sultan II. Bayezid period is an era in which the zoning activities in the Ottoman Empire accelerated. In particular, Bayezid Khan admits those who see the complexes built in Amasya and in Edirne and Istanbul in the Sultanate. Osmancık, Geyve, Saruhan and Boyabat’ta also has.

Hodja Sadeddin Efendi describes his outstanding charity works as follows:

Daki The generosity, the openness of the hand, the great courage in bounty and grace cannot be mentioned. Bayezid Khan, before the sake of the Ottoman throne as a sancakbeyi where the city of Amasya to the sultan, and the town where the beauty of the beauty of the river (Yesilirmak) has created a beautiful work of nobility. The complex consists of a bright mosque full of joy and joy, zaviye, hangah, school, imaret and a large madrasah. It is stipulated that the faculty member in the madrasa should be a knowledgeable person capable of giving fatwa. Res

II. Bayezid Han began to make the famous Bayezid Complex in Edirne in the third year of its ascent. The construction, which lasted for four years, consisted of mosques, imaret, madrasah, tabhane, hammam and public buildings.

The hospital of the complex, called darüşşifa, was the place of treatment for mental and mental patients. The mental patients in European countries are seen as punishable persons who are cooperating with the devil and sometimes even burned alive.

Evliya Çelebi describes this beautiful work with the following words:

Ki In the middle of the aforementioned vineyard, a stone that extends to the sky is in the high dome, which is supposedly open like a brightly lit glass window. In this open space, there are six domes on a thin marble pillar, such as the Kyaniyan Crown. San’atkar business master, top of the top of this small dome is made of a flag gilded on some kind of iron shaft on a iron, on the other hand, if the wind blows, that flag turns that way.

It looks strange. But down to the big dome is eight corners. There are eight arches within this arched dome. There is a winter room under each arch. Each room has two windows. One window overlooks the wooded tree outside the room, while the other looks at the large pool and the fountain in the middle of this large dome. There are eight summer rooms in the large dome in front of these eight winter rooms. Bu

Tulips, speckles, carnations, greens, yasemen, nesrin, deveboynu etc. Flowers were grown in abundance. Not only the colors of these flowers, but also the fragrances gave positive results in the treatment of mental patients.

A very careful food regime was applied in the hospital. Under the control of the specialists, according to the condition of the patients, goose, duck, partridge, pheasant, stepmother and rabbit meat were fed.

In the hospital, treatment of the patients with the music was also made in the hospital with the reason that the physicians in the hospital had been effective in opening some minds, strengthening the memory, calming the excited patients, cheering up the troubled, calm and pessimistic patients. Darüşşifa’s doctor, who had sufficient knowledge and experience in this subject, had his patients listen to various authorities and determined the appropriate melody by taking into consideration the speed and slowing of the heartbeat. Afterwards, the complaints were brought together by similar patients and the music team of Darussifa performed a concert on certain days of the week. Ten men and sazene musicians in the music team

Finally, the sounds released by the gushing waters were used as an important part of the treatment to help the patient rest.

Darüşşifa, where all kinds of patients are looked after during the years of establishment, has become a center where only mental and mental patients are treated. The initial staff of the Darussafah had a head doctor, two doctors, two eye doctors, two surgeons and a pharmacist. Apart from these, thirteen people were working as auxiliary health personnel and administrative staff. The bed capacity is estimated to be thirty-two. At that time, the highest salary of the head of the Darüşşifa, received thirty days daily. This shows the importance given to the hospital during the Ottoman period.

The treatment was made free of charge, and the patients in need in the city were provided free of charge two days a week.

Europeans see the use of bird sounds, water shimmers, music, and flower fragrances as a unique measure of Turkish psychiatry and civilization in the history of the Renaissance and in the history of the hospital.

II. Bayezid Khan’s most beautiful features of the gates of Istanbul is not to be finished by counting. In the words of Hodja Sadeddin Efendi: The mosque, which resembles a paradise of heaven, is unique in bringing together the soul and the soul. It is an example of width and spaciousness and is the sign of its founder’s purity and clean intent. It doesn’t take a moment to be filled with the new new congregation until the sun goes down in the middle of the present city. It is so adorned with the delightful somakians that even the architects who know the business are amazed and demoralized as they see it. The marble of the high walls is so polished that the flow of those who pray is reflected in them as mirrors.

If I try to introduce the fountain flowing in the courtyard of the altai, the water is poured from the mouth of the candle. Selsebilin trough reminiscent of kevseri is a source of healing for thirsty people.

Abundant and varied foods in the imaret built next to it, every day more than a thousand people benefit. Feasts and appetizers full of appetizing food cannot be said in words and words.

Medresesi is a blessed stop where knowledge is compiled and information is transferred. The mature, distinguished, talented scholars of the time give all kinds of lessons to the students here.

II. Bayezid Khan, in other places, such as masjid, fortress, bridge, inn, bath and ribat, such as his work had someone from the foundation, some repaired and destroyed by saving.

Poet Bayezid

II. The Bayezid period was a period when the great poets who grew up during the reign of Fatih continued their fame and the new ones joined them. In addition to Ahmed Pasha and Necati, Zâti, Cafer Çelebi, Safi, Behişti, Sinan Bey, Çakeri and Basirî are well-known poets of this period.

Bayezid Khan, who wrote poems with his pseudonym ıştır Adlî ile, later collected them on a couch. Four precious copies of the written divan, which is said to have been written by order of his son, Selim Han, are registered in Fatih Millet Library. His poems have mystical characteristics as a reflection of his temperament. These sincere love and love poems in the style of Gazel are simple and simple verses.

Kudret-i Hakka Look at the evil eye hair

Hâb-ı gafletten wake up and zıynet-i look at her husband

According to the brightness and vitality of the flowers, you can understand the power of God. You can see the ornament of the trees and their ornaments (rebirth). Bayezid is like an expression of what Han thinks and hears when he looks at the outer nature, by faith and a mature mind.

In his matt, a full ruler is perceived:

O rajab-i câna bass

Hüsn Square is yours

(O ye rider of your horse! Don’t hesitate to step into the life of the horse, the beauty square is yours, your foot on the floor gently).

II. Bayezid Han; Melihî, Ahmed Pasha and Fatih Sultan Mehmed between the sympathetic murabba ‘s creating a common discourse and the muhammes have participated in the red-eye.

I’m relieved.

I stayed in the arrows of the sine trench wow eye

I don’t care if I look at my main eyes

My eye eyvay eye

Bayezid Khan was in the councils, he used to chatting, encouraging them. On one occasion, one of the most famous poets of his time, Behistis, did the wrong job and fled to Iran, hesitantly from the Sultan’s gadab. There he served in the service of Mevlana Mosque and Nevayi.

After a while, they were given a letter stating that the forgiveness was a man-specific state, and the forgiveness of the crimes was the title of the Almighty God.

Endi They swallow their anger, forgive people im (Surah Al – i-Imran, 134), and implied an excuse for the mention of the sultan, a lot of examples and works of art were told in a chun.

Jesus

He becomes free while he bestows human

Minors, though, to blame hatadur

Ulular afv-i cürm etmek ‘atâdur

When Bayezid Han read the letter from the scholars, he forgave him and gave gratitude to him.

Sometimes she jokes with poets and makes her a yester. According to the story of the poet of the era of the young pea suffer from the cold in the early beard because of the discomfort of the cold. She upset her and shattered her beard.

Why did Bayezid Han once paint the land and change the color, and steal the land on the face of the beard, and expose it as criminals, “he demanded angrily. If it is:

Anım My sultan of state! I know your age I’m without a doubt. My beard is lying. Seemingly trustworthy, but she’s definitely lying. So I stole the black on my face and expelled him, and took his revenge and revenge. Üme

In the face of this wickedness, the sultan praised Çâkeri and found benevolence.

The encouragement of scholars and poets was so advanced that he found and rewarded the artist even though he did not know the owner of a beautiful gazel. One of them was a poet named Sa’yî. Sa’un, where he donates sultan Fermanla sultan and donated sultan:

When he writes his embroidery,

Blood made me cry

What do you know the secret book?

Scratch the eyebrows

Seref-i şemste written line-i spirit

Nüsha-i mihr ü

A silver serv-i ruin

If the sun rose gold rose

[When I wrote a picture of her face into the letter of heart, my eyes made me cry of my hedgehog. Anyone who does not look up in the face of the book in your beauty book to tell you what is a secret. The sun is a golden rose to her dress.

Bayezid-i Velî

II. Bayezid Khan was an extremely fair, compassionate, alim, takva and hilm owner. He was known as the ”Bayezid-i Veli tanın with his endowments. Beautiful haslets were many. He had a custom in wars. On her return from all times, she would collect all the dust accumulated in her dress and collect them in a jar. Again a harp return Bayezid Han took off his clothes, trying to collect the dust on it with great care. His wife Gulbahar Hatun asked with wonder:

”Sir, I like my curiosity, can I ask you why every jihad return you are collecting those dusts“? Sultan, with a smile:

Giz I don’t have any secrets from you, Gülbahar Hatun. I will testify that these dusts are put in my grave. Because the hadith-i sharifte, “the feet of the dust on the way to protect the fire of Allahu teada” is ordered. That is why we gather the dusts that are transmitted to us while we are jihad with disbelievers. Our last will and testament; when they die we should put them on the ground. ü

Indeed, II. Bayezid Khan built a brick from the dust he had accumulated. According to his will, this brick was placed in his tomb when he died.

This incident at the opening of the mosque built in the Beyazıt district also sheds light on the religious direction of Bayezid Khan. On the opening day of the crowd, the sultan asked his first prayer to make someone who had never left the circumcision of the afternoon prayer until that day. No one came out when it was announced to the congregation. The king is compelled to mold:

Ti Alhamdulillah has not missed any time in our lifetime. D Imamed himself.

This poem as if Bayezid Khan ‘Veli’ nickname seems to point out why.

Hudâyâ Hudâlik

Indeed, the conquest is worth me

You are the creator of the Lord

You’re ashamed of it.

Kill your servant, your servant.

Non-servant

The language is who you are

The main zikrin is worthy of healing.

Who wishes to get the guild

Der-i gamir Bahrine bears a great deal

Our revolt will stop too

Our promise is again ‘Rabbena’.

What is our business

Thank you to us

If you ask by name Adlî

Ukubettir suits the master.

The moment that I’ve noticed, it suits me

Who can afford you the moment

There’s no way to stay that day

The master-res Mustafa is worthy.

Description of the poem:

God bless you.

Indeed, poverty is worthy of me.

If it’s you, you’re the refuge.

From you, I want you asylum.

The Shah was killed so that he could serve you.

He who is not servant is worthy.

Your heart is your patient.

She is healing with her singing.

Who wishes the pearl of forgiveness.

Gam is familiar with the sea.

Although our rebellion is very high,

Our Word is to be the Lord.

Our work is what we hope and fear.

But fear and hope for us.

Forensic (Bayezid) if you ask with name.

Blessing doesn’t suit her punishment.

I did, I would.

You make contact with him that’s fine with you.

On the day everyone is desperate,

He bears a ruling on him (Muhammad aleyhisselam).

What they said

Hodja Sadeddin Efendi: The pencil of the pen bends from the explanation of the moral beauties of the bounty of the bounty of the sultan and of the koran with the qualities to be praised. The leaves of the trees are paper, the seas are not enough to write ink though. The shadow was the foundation of trust and peace. His grace and his blessing, his interest in fukaraya, and the foolishness, to such an extent, was such that his beggar was never mentioned before. He would search and find salvage spies who chose the extension and preferred to stay in the corner. Every day, a thousand people would benefit from their gifts.

Andrea Gritti: There is no false and horrible man in the flesh and plump. There is always a sign of sadness. He loves the machinery industry. He likes very well cut red agate, finished silver, beautifully made items. He has a deep knowledge in power and theology and is always engaged in these sciences. Nobody can shoot any better arrow than him.

Sehi Bey: Scholar, Fazil, brilliant, poems, very talented and was a man of all things. The arrow was elite. Nobody has been able to pull the spring that he shot in his time. Saleh, devout, friend of the truths and scholars, opposed to the educationalist, justice and generosity in the wife, no owner was a sultan.

Necati Bey:

Afitab-adl Sultan ibn-i Sultan Bayezid

The divorce of the branch of the branch-i nûr-i yakîn

Who is ger hazar elhamdülillah

Feth u nusrat and the state of the world

Whoever shows impunity to the enemies comfortably

On the day of the declaration of the night

In the state of folk-realm ber-murad ü regular

This will be the Sultan of the state will be

Şevket ü adl and Sultan ibn-i Sultans’s parents

You are with Zühd ü takva Emîrü’l-mu’minin

His troops married the state to stake

You cannot believe in it

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Şimşirgil

The post II. Bayezid Han Life first appeared on HistoryTurk.

The father of Fatih Sultan Mehmed, the seventh Ottoman sultan, was Sultan II. Murad Han, his mother is Hüma Hatun. He was born in Edirne on March 30, 1432.

Şehzade Mehmed, who was very important for the collection and growth in his early life, learned his knowledge from the most distinguished scholars. The day Çandarlı Halil Pasha, who will start to read, has sent him a jeweled cut leg. His first teacher was Molla Yegan. Later, renowned religion and science professions were given to the discipline of Akşemseddin habits of specialists in science and wisdom.

When he reached the age of eleven, Manisa was appointed as the star sanctuary in order to gain experience from the administrative side. As the collection was so important, Molla Ayas, Molla Gurani and other renowned scholars like him were giving them lessons.

Mathematics, hendese (geometry), hadith, exegesis, jurisprudence, kalam and history of science was great.

Prince Mehmed, Manisa was brought to the province of sanjak year, his elder brother came to the position of the heir of the prince of Alaaddin, the ruler of Amasya. Whether the suffering of the eldest son’s death is due to the depressed worker in recent years. Murad Khan abandoned his son, Mehmed, to the capital of Manisa. The prince in the hands of Byzantium must have thought of having ensured the reign of his son against Orhan.

However, the passage of one of the children of the Ottoman Empire passed the European states once again to the territory of this country. The Ottoman statesmen wanted to see the experienced Murad Khan at the beginning of the state in such a gentle period that Mehmed did not challenge his overruling. A year and four months later he left his place to his father and returned to Manisa.

This second governorship of the prince Mehmed Manisa was very productive for both the Ottoman state and the individual. Because the young prince entered the academic activity circulation within this period and increased his knowledge and experience besides the lecturers.

He also did not hesitate to join the fleet next to his father. II. Murad was on his side in an action against Albania, followed by a battle at the center in the Battle of Kosovo. In this way, it was possible to improve commanding ability and increase the experience of war.

Fatih Sultan Mehmed Khan, a thirty-year reign, had a medium-sized, red-white faced, full-bodied beard, thick beards with gold bars, full cheeks, strong arms, slightly curved nose, black hair, and a strong physique. He is a person who knows what he wants, what he can do, what he can do, and the precautions necessary to achieve these great jobs, a tireless perseverance, patience and calm.

The Turkish capital is filled with so many heroes and jihangers that can not be counted. The Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror was among them. Because he carried the discovery side by side with the sword, opened the epoch and closed the epoch. He has placed Istanbul in the grandeur of this beautiful city’s grandchildren, who, like all the spoils of all his spoils, carries it on his finger like a ring stone. For this reason, many things were spoken in the Garp and in the Orient about them written, drawn, and printed for centuries. The great jihangir that deepens and deepens as it is inspected, many of its numerous qualities are:

“The Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror was cold-blooded and brave. He showed his most beautiful example of this characteristic, during the Belgrade period, when he saw that the troops were loose, entering his enemy lines. It is a great example of this courage to put the horse on the sea because of the failure of the dock in Istanbul. “

He was very compassionate and tolerant. The compassion he showed about the city of Istanbul and its inhabitants, which sustained it for fifty days and caused many Muslims to be martyred, is too wide to think. However, he was a victorious commander in that period of Europe, and he saw himself righteous in persecuting and torturing the people of the city he had captured. The Fatah gave great importance to freedom of conscience. He never touched religion and sects of his non-Muslim subject, and everybody freed him from his conscience. Istanbul provided the opportunity for Greek Cypriot prisoners to use their freedoms to purchase freedoms. This tolerance was the essence of maturity that the world of the age did not even dream of.

According to Westerners’ claims, the Turks who entered the city had destroyed or burned the castles and left nothing. But they are themselves again, who destroy and burn them. The Byzantines destroyed the church altogether to be used in repairing the ruins of the walls. So much so that while Sultan Mehmed the Great watched Haghia Sophia closely and saw that a janissary was about to dismantle one of the stones of the church, “I gave you the things to be taken in malcas, the property was mine,” he said, punishing Yeniçeriy violently.

The military and political scene was a unique genius. The first feature of the military field success is the cooperation with the sword. He would pay much attention to the discipline of the army. He severely punished the least disobedience and the officers who caused it. He did not move the army, unplanned, irregular, and shed blood with his eagerness. Their own ancestors, their ancestors, and their invasions of the island, brought a planned conquest and made the state a stable, settled state with a systematic sense of government. The small voyages organized by the thirty-year reign of Sultans are based on the geographical unity of the country. To reach this goal, the horses do not pass through the rivers, pass through the rivers; without stopping, resting, fighting without the summer. Since all these expeditions are made on a plan, where to go,

They had prepared all the details of this time for months to ensure that the expeditions were successful. His commander and diplomat always acted together. Whichever state he plans to expedition, he examines the internal and external considerations of his state, his weaknesses, his strength, and his thoughts with the other states to the tiniest point, and he is in the weakest and most powerful time of his enemy. He would not even know the nearest of the expeditions, and he would pay great attention to keeping them secret. The saying “I know that only one piece of secret beard is worthy, I will pass it out” is famous. It was the main reasons for his success to act like that. As a matter of fact, in the end of this movement İsfendiyar Beylik and Trabzon easily captured the Greek Empire and successfully completed the nice expeditions.

A very successful diplomat. Thirty years ago, there were days when there were more than five, ten or even more states on several fronts in Asia and Europe. At such times, enemies found ways to unite their forces, political tales, promises, and intermittent cynics and allies.

It had a wide array of news organizations in all its parliaments that negotiated the movements of the European states with regard to the Ottomans. In Germany, there were civilians from the locals. Italy, on the other hand, was made up of an extremely secret and permanent Turkish news service. Thanks to this organization, the fiat was informed about the day of the day by his enemies and took measures by evaluating his actions.

The fiat had well developed the army and navy. The weapons of the army were renewed in a few years, and more correspondents were put in place of the old ones. The founder of the Ottoman fleet is the Fâtih. It is the first pavilion that gives the necessary importance to the artillery. Before the fiat, the ball was used to frighten the enemy with the voice of the whole world. It was never thought that big castles would be able to live in place and play a role in the square battlefields. The fiat, mindful of all this, led to the making of balls in numbers and diameters that were not as high as that of the beast. He calculated the ballistics and strength of the balls himself. He gave great importance to the campaign, relatively before. Although the Ottoman army continued to be a basic army in its essence, infantry classes such as the Janissaries and the Azab gained even more importance during the Fatah era.

Fatih Sultan Mehmed is also investigating the reasons for the inhabitants of this power to open the way to being a superpower that will continue for centuries to the state with its organizations, techniques, military order and discipline, conquests, reconstruction and security activities, culture and civilization movements, to his attention.

As a matter of fact, Molla Crimea, who was next to Edirne during his journey,

“The province of Crimea is a landmark. There are many scholars and immigrants. At some point there were six hundred musnels, so they always engaged with copyright. Is it real? “He asked. Mullah:

“Yes, it was so. I grew up to their end. Lakin said, “I do not know what works or what works.”

The reason for Fatih denials is problematic:

“A treacherous vizier appeared and admitted to enlightenment (enmity). He dropped them among them. The hostility and coldness deepened between the people of science and the state power. That’s why the country has suffered. Your knowledge and dexterity that you are familiar with is the responsibility of the country “gave the answer.

Upon this answer, Fatih summoned Mahmud Pasha, the vizier, to remind Mullah of what he had to say and how he should be treated and treated in the way. ²⁸⁰

The Sultan Mehmed the Great gave great importance to the East Turks. His son Sultan II. Bayezid also followed his father in advancing Turkish civilization.

Similar to the civilization movements of the Eastern Turks, the Tîmur Khan period civilization, the Ottomans accrued during the Fatih period. The fiat has followed the European literature very well because he knows a few of the western languages ​​and he has not heard from Europe that he needs to get something from Europe because the Turks are superior to Europeans on every subject.

In London, there is a portrait of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror in the National Gallery. It is alleged that the portrain is not the evidence made by Centile Bellini. However, according to the information in the file about this portrait in the National Gallery, the name of Centile Bellini on the portrait could not be read correctly before anything else. Also, when Bellini arrives in Istanbul, Fatih is forty eight years old. However, the age of Fatih in the table reflects the most thirty years. Fatih, even if you have done the painting, this table should be found in Istanbul, the reason why two centuries later in Venice, the question is also the issues to be questioned. It is not known if Bellini has seen scenes for the Topkapi Palace, though it is seen by Pashtun.

He had three sons and a daughter. Mustafa, his eldest son, died when he was governor of Konya. After the death of his middle son Bayezid and his young son Jem father, they will enter the struggle for reign. The daughter Gevherhan Sultan who was born to the lady Gulbahar Hat was married to the son of Ugurlu Mehmed belli of Akkoyunlu Uzun Hasan. Born of this marriage

Göde Ahmed Bey will later become the ruler of Akkoyunlu.

Scientific direction

The Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror has a distinguished position among the Ottoman sultans in the scientific direction as well as military and political genius. From Yorgios Amirutzes in Greek, Giovanni Mario Angiolello and Anconitano in Latin and Italian. In Islamic sciences, Arab and Persian languages ​​had a deep knowledge of the word. İlme gave a great deal of credit to artisans and scholars. A magician who likes to move forward in terms of mentality and nature, enjoys terracing and civilization. Just like military conquests, scholars and artisans set up an army in the battle they opened in the name of science, and this magnificent army was itself a serdar. The influence and importance of education and training in the execution of the plan of the establishment of the new state is more than anything else. He established the system of religion and law, which is known as the “class of jule”, and which brings the foundation of the mind to the point.

The scholars who had a say in the mental and transportation sciences gathered in Istanbul and established medresels for their student training. The great scholars and artisans who grew up during the period gave important works. Mullah Husrev in fiqh scholars, Molla Gurani, Molla Yegan, Khidr Çelebi in the exegesis, Ali Kuşçu in mathematics, Hocazade in the kalam, the great scholars of the time and scholars from all over the world.

Latifi expresses the value given by Fatih with the following words. In his history books, his supreme vision is Abu al-Haqrat (father of goodness and goodness) and Abu al-Hasanat his beautiful qualities. The period of reign, the scholars and the jurists were the epochs of devotion, tricks and faculty. Due to the respect and respect of the common people, the scholars made dozens of madrasahs, descriptions, imarets and permanent artifacts, and this unlimited revenue was allocated for the living and development of this prestigious group. This interest and desire led to a great effort and increase of the students. At that time, the value and reputation had been found according to everybody deserved.

Taliban whispering reputation

In this sense, the knowledge, the fakih and the talented personality of that period were not in the period of the Sultanate.

Fatih ilim ehline was very respectful. He counted them so much that they tolerated all kinds of nazas, nervousness and irritability and did not interfere with their free thinking. He addressed himself as an honorary teacher and a priest, saying that he was my teacher. Both in Istanbul and in Edirne during the time he was sitting in the museum always with the people of science. The greatest pleasure has been to follow their scientific conversations and listen to their arguments. Even when traveling on horseback, they even invited some of them with alternation and kept them in scientific ruins.

There are narrations about the standing of statesmen at the time of the scientific intervention in the palace. This should be to show how much he enlightened the scholars and scholars.

Ali Kuşçu, the famous mathematician who went to the Akkoyunlu country upon the death of his master, was sent to Fatih by Fatih to Fatih while he was the director of Ulug Bey observatory in Samarkand. Fatih Ali Kuşçu, who appreciates the value of science men, has been very pleased and presented, presented gifts and offered to stay in his hometown. Ali Kuşçu also promised to return after fulfilling his duties.

Fatih Sultan Mehmed demanded that Ali Kuşçu send a delegation for the future until he heard the move to Istanbul on the promise and that he would be extensively rehearsed in the places where he had passed. It is reported that there are probably two hundred people besides Ali Kuşçu who brought all his relatives and relatives to Istanbul. In this respect, Fatih has allocated a thousand akçe to this great scientist for every mansion. They also gave their children and relatives mansions when they arrived.

Mullah Gurani and Mullah Husrev from Fatih coaches kept everybody superior. Many times during the official meetings he had dinner with the scholars. When Molla Husrev was even in the mosque, he rose to his feet to declare his honor. He pointed to Molla Husrev in a place to his wizards and said, “We will see Abu Hanifa of the century.”

Molla Husrev’s Fatah is a scientific activist. Together with Ali Kuşçu, he directed the program of Istanbul medreses. He was a referee in the scientific debates and outbreaks in the presence of Fatih. In all of these, it is a totally neutral path.

Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror was one of the greatest authorities of the revolution in science and mathematics. The discoveries of the ballistic area, which the Byzantine historian Kritovulos described with admiration, destroyed the walls of the Middle Ages. In this way, the great peasants of Europe were demolished by the collectors and large states were established; eventually the great power sources were brought together and ended in the Middle Ages. In this way, the Turks passed from the Middle Ages to the New Era before Europe.

Among the information given about the Fatih of Aragon in 1453, one of the sultan’s entourage is said to have always had two masters who know the other Greek and they read the history of the ancient ages.

Conqueror is not only concerned with the professors but also with their students. He kept a notebook for the appointment and promotion of graduates from the school. They would personally take care of what they found successful and advance their progress in science. One day to Molla Husrev: “the light burns in a room in the medrese as far as sabaha, I see in the palace whose cell is the one who asks”. Molla Husrev also gives Manisalıoğlu’nun answer.

He also participated in the lessons of the scholars from time to time. Müderrislere showed his material and spiritual well-being alongside his students and students. She is working as much as she is in this situation and has been very active in her teaching life.

Sultan Mehmed the Conquer likes to joke with scholars, dervishes and poets, and even some strange-looking attitudes and words are met with tolerance. As a matter of fact, they narrate that while one day changes the way (a tebdil-i outfit), a dervish identified himself,

“Allahu Teala created a hundred and twenty-four thousand prophets. He said, “Give me a pie for each of the prophets’ sake.” Sultan Mehmed saw that it is difficult to give the money that the dervish wants. laughing:

“Be nice to me, each one of the prophets says a name, and I will give you pockets.” How would Dervish know the name of the prophet? But ten to fifteen could say the name. Even Fatih could not resist saying more, he was saved from pouring.

Except for the festivals and the warfare, Edirne and Istanbul were delighted to spend their time in a scientific costume. The wolf is a wide cheek wrapped in a pointed and cotton tappet, and the curls are very thin. Fatih’s scientific costume is so famous that his paintings showing him on his expeditions and his wonders are made in this costume. However, he had to wear armored military armor suitable for young and robust army in other harps if he needed it, and his head was traveling in a crowded manner.

It is very important for Hocazade to point out the value given by Fatih to the men of science and science and to encourage them.

Prof.Dr. Ahmet Şimşirgil

The post Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han Life first appeared on HistoryTurk.

The third of the Ottoman sultans, Sultan Murad I, came to the world in 1326, when Khan of Bursa conquered. Mother is  Nilufer Hatun . His father,  Orhan Gâzi , appeared on the throne in 1362.

During twenty-seven years  of steadfast rule, he became a state of consecration in the form of a ransom from his father, who had been victorious. He has never seen defeat in the thirty-seven battles he personally participated in.

Murad Khan , who has titles such as Sultanü’l-Guzât ve’l-Mujahidin, Melikü’l meşâyih, Gıyasü’d-world and D-Din,  Gâzi Hünkar, Hüdavendigar,  Şihabüddin and es-Sultanü’l-  thin and curved nose, thinly curly, sparse bearded, large and wide fingered.

He was a disciplined, fast-moving, brave, loyal, merciful and sincere Turkish ruler in his operations. It is perfect to use the man in accordance with the organization, the administration and the place. As a result of the planned and continuous conquest movements, all the Eastern Thrace Turks were conquered, Bulgaria was conquered, and in the Balkans, XIX. Ottoman domination which will continue until the end of the century has begun.

Science always patronizes, scholars watch. In this respect, all parts of the country, especially the newly conquered cities, were filled with scholarly works and charitable institutions. He chatted with scholars and gave them a lot of credit. Whether it was in the center or in other cities, it was the right to distribute pockets to the poor after Friday prayers. No one who came to his door would come back without hope. He was clean-minded and acted in his works and prayers.

It is narrated in the history of his liberation that one day Murad Khan, who has been imam for many years:

“Maulana! My sin is a multitude, I will bring a single hand and I will tie the hand three times, I can not see the Kabe-i şerifi when I say Allah and I do not bring a single one. You immediately see what a pleasant surprise you are. “

After saying, “Since the Gâzi Künkar is a righteous person, every person would think he would see Kabe-i tremendous like himself when he connected one by one”, he pointed to the direction of religion by saying “no one would doubt his custody.”

Edirne was decorated with artifacts such as mosques, madrasahs, inns, baths, palaces and turned them into a Turkish-Islamic town. In addition, Green Mosque in Iznik  ; Mosque, madrasa, imaret and guesthouse in Bursa Çekirge; Some mosques in Bilecik and Yenisehir; He built a mine in Yenişehir.

What is said about them best reveals its qualities.

“For thirty years, Murad has referred to and managed the Ottoman majadder with a measure of time that no statesman can afford. we can see that he can easily hold the place together … The eccentricity and enthusiasm for the war was like his father-in-law. But his father did not loose when he spread his wider range of action. There was no incongruity with any of the commander and his governors. The treatment of the Greeks shows that they are a perfect legacy of their choice. There is not a single complaint that the priests were subjected to bad treatment by the Ottomans during the period. Osman gathered a race around him. Orhan made him a state, but Murad was the empire ” (Gibbons).

“In a terrific battle, the hero has earned the reputation of being a martyr among the soldiers. Garbin, a Greek Army and a Slav wreck, and an effort to revive the crusader battles, have turned a small call to a European empire. Murad was alicenap and favorable about Muslims. For the Christians, he was a father who was gracious and well-groomed ”  (Igora).

“He was so wealthy and he was so taliable that it can not be judged which one of these two Gods tax is the winner of the other. He was a ruler, a tireless hunter and a polite knight who spoke little but spoke good when he spoke.

Thirty-seven in Rumelia and Anatolia have always managed to triumph over large and difficult harbors. It has never been seen that the enemy has left his place and turned it back. Kemal wrestled with sincerity, it would not be surprising and he would never show haste. He hunted the time when he wanted his troops to rest for a while, and he did not know what the rest was. He encouraged his soldiers with appropriate speeches when the breakthrough was to take place, and punished the slightest mistakes made with violence without warning. The reward was also fast. It was the usual call to name everyone. He also treated the foreign children in the palace with a mirth and calmness and immorality ”  (Halkondil).

Murad-ı Hüdavendigar Osmanlılar praised Murad Khan as ” Pak ihlas idi and pak-i itikat “, emphasizing that “My people rise and nothing can rise upon him ” and that they are the masters of the hadith-i  şerifinin.

Şükrullah:

“Idil, mature, pious, right, high, good, good, poor friend, was a caring sultan to the ladies. The spirit of jihading with the kafirs would not have gone to the object. He held his hand and helped the poor. Anyone who resorted to his supreme gate would surely come to his wish. “

He is both a brave, a sinking, a hero, and
an infinite strong power.

After Hodja Sadeddin Efendi recorded the nice and admirable qualities of Murad Han:

The Eastern religion of the Islamic religion was 
worshiped in the West with the light of grace.

he finishes his promise.

Prof.Dr. Ahmet Şimşirgil

The post Sultan I Murad, Murâd-ı Hüdavendigâr Hân life first appeared on HistoryTurk.

Orhan Gâzi was medium-tall, handsome, sweet blue-eyed, bearded bearded, blush-faced, broad-breasted close to the tall. Despite his advanced age, he had a very vigorous body. Wrath and fury do not show, no one tries to break his heart. It was Hashinas. Friendly enemy had summoned everyone’s conversation. The organizer was a far-sighted statesman who was vigilant, persevering and enthusiastic, and was cautiously doing the job of knowing to use political asylum.

For a moment until the end of his life, he has not been back from the state affairs, he has spent his life on horseback for gazah and jihad. During the thirty-seven years of his rule, he took the title of his father from his father in  six times  and gave him a state property. The last Byzantine castles in the South Marmara such as Iznik, Gemlik, Armutlu, Izmit, Kirmasti, Karacabey and Mihalic are the cities of Balıkesir, Manyas and Kapı mountains from the sons of Karesi, Ankara and its surroundings, Çimbi kalesini in Rumeli, most of them have joined the state. In addition to the Fatah movement, the military and civilian organization has its metamorphosis of statehood.

Orhan Gâzi was very fond of hayrat and hasan. Fethettiği cities decorated with religious, scientific and social works. By taking Iznik, he transformed the great monastery into medres and established the first Ottoman medreses. In addition, an imaret in Iznik, a mosque, imaret, tabhane, road, bridges and baths in Bursa. Her lady  Nilufer Hatun also; An imaret in Iznik, a bridge and a fountain on the Nilüfer river.

Here is what is said about Orhan Gâzi:

“He was very gentle and especially generous against the artisans and the poor. He was never that kind of person. He was religious, respectful, respectful of the mujahideen. He built houses for them, and provided them with provisions. He built a school in Bursa. All the young people have grown here. He would have sought scholars. The idea was fine. War was open to innovations in business and he was the explorer himself. He was always generous and kind to the Christians to love himself, and he would have to do it for him. ”

(Halkondil)

“Orhan Gâzi was a hero like his father. Convicted, extremely affordable and cautious and gentle. ”

(Lorga).

“Orhan Gâzi was known for his intelligent, sincere and good temperament measures. In this way, a man would have succeeded in benefiting from the Greek Empire. The treatment that the people showed at the conquest of Iznik made them very satisfied. Nobody lived in peace as they did not think about migrating. This good behavior was the main reason for many subsequent conquests and successes. ”

(From the Cross).

“We must accept that when we compare Ottomans, Byzantines and other elements on the Balkan peninsular, they are far superior to them, they are fresh soulful, exciting, untrained people.”

(Gibbons).

“In his time, poverty, helplessness and necessity were completely out of the good guys. So that they could give themselves zakat and almighty wajib, they could not find anyone to do good. ”

(Nişancı Mehmed Pasha).

“It was Sam and Neriman on the day of the war. An accident from the arrow, a death from the sword. The believer was mercy, the cafeteria suffered. The fighting fame reached Bursa from Serbia and Hungary. ”

(Şükrullah).

Prof.Dr. Ahmet Şimşirgil

The post Orhan Gâzî Hân Life first appeared on HistoryTurk.

Besides Orhan Bey, there were other   sons   named Alaaddin,  Ali ,  Pazarlu ,  Çoban ,  Melik  and Hamid and  a daughter named Fatma . Osman Bey was medium-sized, wide-breasted, close to his legs, big eyes, longer than his body’s waist down body. He was imposing, brave, generous, sweet-tongued. He was wearing a Khorasan cacus in the style of Chagatai, which was made of red spirit. Whether it was a gain or a loot from the booty’s income, it distributed to the poor. It has been reported that he has not received any object of life (state treasure) for a lifetime. He went through the income from his own sheep.

The two of them gave a feast to the poor, who was in his time. His lands were carried to the mouth of the Sakarya river to the coast of Marmara in the north, and to Kütahya in the south. These were in the boundaries of Sogut, Eskisehir, Karacahisar, Harmankaya, Bilecik and Yarhisar.

Gâzi Osman Bey was well aware of the good administration, the sharp vision, the soft action, the high ability, the love of his opponent, the planned movement in battle and the patience and tolerance of the tribes around him. Seljuks and  Ilkhanians as well as the respect of the Turkish beyyliklarını conflict with the refuge carefully avoided. He was always busy with the jihad movement. Their sons have always followed the same path and have not returned to the Turkish and Islamic world unless they have to.

The material and spiritual base in the outgoing state was so strong that it soon became part of the greatest states of the world,  and when 150 years passed it became a superpower . It will provide the Turkish unity for this smallest formation among the Anatolian principals, and in Europe there will be the following states in Asia, no one will believe, imagine.

However, this fortune-telling Turkish heroism, the mysticism around him, the alperen warriors, the serendipitous heroes, believed in it, worked for this great birth.

About Osman Gâzi Hân, the famous French author Lamartin:

“Osman Gâzî Hân’s course was simple, but fair and fair. He devoted his mind and intelligence to the unity of God and tried to deny the idolatry and paganism that were on the earth against the anguish of God. The Osman gradually advanced. But he never came back. He had the qualifications of the founders of the great states. Good hearted, true verb, faithful to the family, was the chief and the womb about their children … ”

Gibbons said: “Of course, Osman is not the son of a sultan.

He could only have a small manor in his life. Osman’s government has grown steadily from thee to thee. The growth of the state came especially from the safety of its continuation and the magnitude of its future. This is a manifestation of the true size of the man who established him …

We are familiar with the building. Atilla, Genghis Khan, Timur, Osman Gâzî Hân belonged to all these conquerors were working in a racial group that came from the body. Despite their dazzling triumphs, they remained raider. And their empires were an unrepresented fortune-teller. Osman’s work was more continuous than theirs, and the effect was broader and more generous. Because he works in calm; and the former ones burned between the pipes and the trumpet. ”

French knowledge Grenard said: “The founding of this new empire is one of the most marvelous and greatest stories of the history of humankind”.

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Şimşirgil

The post Osman Gâzî Hân Life first appeared on HistoryTurk.

After Hal, Sultan II, who could live only for forty days. Mustafa Han immigrated to the castle in the palace of Istanbul on 29 December 1703.

Sultan II. Mustafa’s nervous breakdown after the Edirne Cause and after the state had been overly distorted. He fell ill due to the separation of the tac and the throne.

Mehmet Aga, a Hazelnut, took care of his equipments and repairs and fulfilled his last duties against him. If the funeral prayer was performed by Sheikh Mustafa Efendi, the preacher of the Haghia Sophia. Sultan Mustafa, Valide Turhan Sultan tomb near Yenicami ‘, was buried in the foot of his father. Eight years nine months and seventeen days on the throne Sultan II. Mustafa had been immigrated to the afterlife since he was forty-one.

Sultan II. Mustafa, IV. Mehmed Han ‘ın is the son. Annesi is the concubine Rabia Gülnuş Sultan (1642-1715) from the Venetian Verzizi family who settled in Rethymno in Crete . Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Valide Sultan is known as the Valide-i Cedid and is known as the mother of two sultans and benevolent valide sultan.

IV. The great prince of Mehmed II. Mustafa opened his eyes to the world when he was in Edirne on 2 June 1664. The childhood of the prince Mustafa who was festivals for seven days and seven nights was born in Edirne. It is the second of the sultans sitting on the throne in Edirne after the conquest of Istanbul. As the capital city, this city will be the last of the sultans who prefer to Istanbul.

Mustafa was five years old when he was found in his father Mora Yenişehir. While here, he took the first lesson from Vaniî Mehmed Efendi with a bed-i feeding ceremony and read the Rabbi yessir . The writer was Hafız Osman , the famous calligrapher . When he arrived in 1670, he began to take lessons from Sayyid Feyzullah Efendi.

When the date showed June 6, 1675, a magnificent circumcision wedding was held in Edirne for Prince Mustafa and his brother Ahmed. This spectacular circumcision wedding lasted for 15 days with nocturnal day.

Prince Mustafa, lectures from the great scholars of the devrin. His predecessors were Vani Mehmed Efendi and Seyyid Feyzullah Efendi. He was throwing arrows and using swords was awful. IV. Mehmed Khan had also taken Mustafa, his son, to the hunting parties he had organized and organized. As a matter of fact, he was accompanied by Prince Mustafa in the first Polish expedition which emerged in 1672. Thus the young prince began to gradually recognize the Ottoman Europe.

The years of Vienna’s demise were years of sadness for the palace and the dynasty. The disturbance that developed between the society and the soldier was until his father was sent down from the throne. IV. When Mehmed Han realized that he would be sentenced to the throne, there was a warning to his son Mustafa, who had grown up very well, to be reigned. But this warning was not taken into consideration. In the Ottoman Empire, the eldest member of the dynasty dynasty had begun to appear.

As a matter of fact, IV. Mehmed Han’s brother II. Süleyman was seated on the throne by the leaders of the state, deserving the sultanate. The Ottoman throne II. Solomon was moved to Edirne with his harem (1689). In Mustafa’s case, his father and his younger brother (III.) Were transported to the Edirne Palace with Ahmed ‘s closed cars. Prince Mustafa, spent a few days in the Topkapi Palace Şimşirlik Kasrı’da eye under the eye. Later, he was referred to Edirne, where he lived a free life.

II. After Sultan Süleyman Han reigns Sultan II. In the period of Ahmed Khan (1691-1695), the Prince Mustafa was still living in Edirne. But Sultan Ahmed, too, was caught in a fatal disease and could not sit on the throne for a long time.

In the reign of 1695-1703 Sultan II. Mustafa was red and sparse bearded, short necked, medium-sized and imposing. There is also a miniature made by the famous artist Levni.

Sultan II. Mustafa was intelligent, soft, natural, just and well-informed. It is stated that he is more robust, mature and rarely measured than the previous sultans in character. At the same time, it is also known that it shows this moderate behavior in the collection and distribution of state money, and it is not miserable or extravagant. After 1779, the curiosity of the sultan, who began to be interested in avatars like his father, was archery.

The sultan who is close to nine years Sultan II. Mustafa is a powerful, diligent, patriotic, hardworking and valuable sultan. It is the last Ottoman sultan to go to the palace at the beginning of the Ordular. The rewards of scholars and teachers were so great that this would have been caused by the raising of the throne.

He believed that in the first years of his reign, the Ottoman Empire would turn his luck and activity and war luck into favor. Although he seemed determined in his early times, after the battle of Zenta, his hope was broken and his time passed in Edirne. II. Mustafa, the last Ottoman sultan who came to the table, is the only sultan who was sent down from the throne in Edirne.

Sultan II. Mustafa has been interested in reform activities from one side and development works from another side. During the reign period, the Saraçhane Bridge was restored in Edirne. In İnebahtı II. He rebuilt the Beyazit Mosque.

In the meantime, the “mosque-i sherif and ma’bed-i lâtif” built upon the request of Sultan Valide for the vacant land of the church in Galata Castle, which had been burned before , was carefully laid and opened with the name of Galata Yeni Mosque in February 1697 .

In the period of his reign, Hacerullesved’s habitation, the pillars holding the Kaaba ceiling and the staircase descending to the surface, the old wall and minaret of the Masjid al-Kuba were renovated, a dome with four posts on the Mebresch-naka, ablution places have been built, deep water wells have been dug.

Statesmen and scholars have built precious scientific and social institutions. His teacher Feyzullah Efendi, a madrasa in Fatih and a library of valuable books; sadrâzam Amcazade Hüseyin Pasha, a madrasah, a library and a fountain in Saraçhane; sadrâmam Rami Mehmed Pasha, school with a fountain in Ayyub; Damad Ali Pasha made a library. The two-storey community was built in the Shipyard by Çorlulu Ali Pasha, the Sultan of the Sultan.

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Şimşirgil

The post Sultan II. Mustafa Life first appeared on HistoryTurk.